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Bishop Auckland is a market town and civil parish in County Durham in north east England. It is located about northwest of Darlington and southwest of Durham at the confluence of the River Wear with its tributary the River Gaunless. According to the 2001 census, Bishop Auckland has a population of 24,392, recounted at 16,296 for the 2011 Census.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Town population 2011 )〕 Much of the town's early history surrounds the bishops of Durham and the establishment of a hunting lodge, which later became the main residence of the Bishops of Durham.〔〔 This link with the Bishops of Durham is reflected in the first part of the town's name.〔 During the Industrial Revolution, the town grew rapidly as coal mining took hold as an important industry.〔 The subsequent decline of the coal mining industry in the late twentieth century has been blamed for a fall in the town's fortunes in other sectors.〔 Today, the largest sector of employment in the town is manufacturing.〔 Since 1 April 2009, the town's local government has come from the Durham County Council Unitary Authority. The unitary authority replaced the previous Wear Valley District Council and Durham County Council. Bishop Auckland is located in the Bishop Auckland parliamentary constituency. The town has a town-twinning with the French town of Ivry-sur-Seine.〔 ==Toponymy== The first part of the name, "Bishop", refers to the land being owned by and the town being the residence of the Bishop of Durham.〔〔〔 However, the derivation of "Auckland" is more complex. The present form of the name almost certainly comes from Old Norse ''Aukland'' meaning 'additional land'.〔〔〔Bethany Fox, 'The P-Celtic Place-Names of North-East England and South-East Scotland', The Heroic Age, 10 (2007), http://www.heroicage.org/issues/10/fox.html (appendix at http://www.heroicage.org/issues/10/fox-appendix.html).〕 This could refer to the area being extra land granted to the Bishop of Durham by King Canute in around 1020.〔 (Though another suggestion is that Auckland derives from "''Oakland''", referring to the presence of forests.)〔〔 However, the name is attested in an earlier, Cumbric form, ''Alclit'',〔 〕〔 (or ''Alcluith'' or ''Alcleat'').〔 This is similar to ''Alclut'', an early, Cumbric name for Dumbarton which means "rock on the Clyde"〔 or "cliff on the Clyde".〔 〕 It is believed that 'Clyde' may have been an earlier Celtic name for the river today known as the Gaunless, which flows close to the town. Thus before being Norseified as ''Aukland'', ''Alclit'' meant 'rock of the () Clut'.〔 ''Auckland'' is also used in the settlements of St Helen Auckland, West Auckland and St Andrew Auckland, an old name for South Church, all of which are along the path of the Gaunless. The name Gaunless itself is of later Norse origin, meaning ''useless''.〔 It is believed that this derives from the river's inability to power a mill, sustain fish or create fertile floodplains.〔 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bishop Auckland」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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